Early Life and Radicalization

Bhagat Singh was born on September 28, 1907, in Banga village, Lyallpur district (now Pakistan) into a patriotic Sandhu Jat Sikh family deeply affiliated with the Ghadar Party and Arya Samaj. His uncle, Ajit Singh, was a legendary agrarian revolutionary who led the Pagri Sambhal Jatta movement.

Deeply traumatized by visiting the blood-soaked soil of Jallianwala Bagh in 1919 at age 12, Bhagat Singh resolved to dedicate his life to liberation. He studied at National College Lahore, founded by Lala Lajpat Rai, immersing himself in European revolutionary movements, Marxist philosophy, and anarchist thought.

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)

In 1928, along with Chandrashekhar Azad, Sukhdev Thapar, and Bhagwati Charan Vohra, Bhagat Singh transformed the Hindustan Republican Association into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), placing socialism and eradication of class exploitation at the heart of their revolutionary mission.

The Saunders Incident and Central Assembly Bombing

When Lala Lajpat Rai died following a brutal police lathi-charge in Lahore in 1928, Bhagat Singh and his comrades assassinated British police officer John Saunders in retaliation.

On April 8, 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw non-lethal smoke bombs into the corridors of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi to protest against the repressive Public Safety and Trade Disputes Bills. Instead of fleeing, they showered revolutionary leaflets and courted arrest shouting:

"Inquilab Zindabad!" (Long Live the Revolution!)

"It takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear."

Historic Hunger Strike and Martyrdom

While imprisoned in Lahore Central Jail, Bhagat Singh led a legendary 116-day hunger strike demanding basic human rights and political prisoner status for Indian patriots, culminating in the martyrdom of Jatindra Nath Das.

During his trial, Bhagat Singh authored numerous ideological essays, including the renowned treatise "Why I Am an Atheist". On March 23, 1931, Bhagat Singh, alongside comrades Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar, was secretly hanged by the British colonial regime in Lahore Central Jail.