District Bathinda

Bathinda (Qila Mubarak Antiquity, Razia Sultana, Lakhi Jungle, Guru Ki Kashi, and Petrochemical Hub)

Bathinda is the most ancient historically documented metropolis and vital transportation-energy crossroads in the Malwa heartland of Punjab, India. Home to the legendary Qila Mubarak (constructed between 90 and 110 CE under the Kushan Empire), it stands as the oldest surviving fort made of baked bricks in India—famed for the dramatic 1240 CE imprisonment of Razia Sultana, the first female sovereign of the Delhi Sultanate. Consecrated by the tenth Sikh Guru, Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji, who sanctified the fort and established Takht Sri Damdama Sahib at Talwandi Sabo ('Guru Ki Kashi' where the full Guru Granth Sahib was dictated to Bhai Mani Singh), modern Bathinda has transformed into north India's premier petrochemical and educational hub.